Mother Teresa as a social worker
Name - Mother Teresa
Full Name -Blessed Mother Teresa of Calcutta
Birth Place - Skopje, Macedonia
Date of Birth - August 26, 1910
Death Date-September 5, 1997
Place of Death-Calcutta, India
Qualification - Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Occupation -Nun, Saint
This luminous messenger of God’s love was born on 26 August 1910 in
Skopje, a
city situated at the crossroads of Balkan history. The youngest of the children
born to Nikola and Drane Bojaxhiu, she was baptised Gonxha Agnes, received her
First Communion at the age of five and a half and was confirmed in November
1916. From the day of her First Holy Communion, a love for souls was within her.
Her father’s sudden death when Gonxha was about eight years old left in the
family in financial straits. Drane raised her children firmly and lovingly,
greatly influencing her daughter’s character and vocation. Gonxha’s
religious formation was further assisted by the vibrant Jesuit parish of the
Sacred Heart in which she was much involved.
Mother's thought
“By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus. ”Small of stature, rocklike in faith, Mother Teresa of Calcutta was entrusted with the mission of proclaiming God’s thirsting love for humanity, especially for the poorest of the poor. “God still loves the world and He sends you and me to be His love and His compassion to the poor.” She was a soul filled with the light of Christ, on fire with love for Him and burning with one desire: “to quench His thirst for love and for souls.”
"Love cannot remain by itself -- it has no meaning. Love has to be put into action, and that action is service ." - Mother Teresa
Early Life
Catholic nun and missionary Mother Teresa was born circa August 26, 1910 (her date of birth is disputed), in Skopje, the current capital of the Republic of Macedonia. On August 27, 1910, a date frequently cited as her birthday, she was baptized as Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. Mother Teresa's parents, Nikola and Drana Bojaxhiu, were of Albanian descent; her father was an entrepreneur who worked as a construction contractor and a trader of medicines and other goods. The Bojaxhius were a devoutly Catholic family, and Nikola Bojaxhiu was deeply involved in the local church as well as in city politics as a vocal proponent of Albanian independence.In 1919, when Mother Teresa was only 8 years old, her father suddenly fell ill and died. While the cause of his death remains unknown, many have speculated that political enemies poisoned him. In the aftermath of her father's death, Mother Teresa became extraordinarily close to her mother, a pious and compassionate woman who instilled in her daughter a deep commitment to charity.
Although by no means wealthy, Drana Bojaxhiu extended an open invitation to the city's destitute to dine with her family. "My child, never eat a single mouthful unless you are sharing it with others," she counseled her daughter. When Mother Teresa asked who the people eating with them were, her mother uniformly responded, "Some of them are our relations, but all of them are our people."
Historical Importance of Mother Teresa: Mother Teresa founded the
Missionaries of Charity, a Catholic order of nuns dedicated to helping
the poor. Begun in Calcutta, India, the Missionaries of Charity grew to
help the poor, the dying, orphans, lepers, and AIDS sufferers in over a
hundred countries. Mother Teresa's selfless effort to help those in need
has caused many to regard her as a model humanitarian.
Mother Teresa Also Known As: Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu (birth name), "the Saint of the Gutters"
Overview of Mother Teresa:
Mother Teresa's task was overwhelming. She started out as just one woman, with no money and no supplies, trying to help the millions of poor, starving, and dying that lived on the streets of India. Despite others' misgivings, Mother Teresa was confident that God would provide.
Birth and Childhood
Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, now known as Mother Teresa, was the third and final child born to her Albanian Catholic parents, Nikola and Dranafile Bojaxhiu, in the city of Skopje (a predominantly Muslim city in the Balkans). Nikola was a self-made, successful businessman and Dranafile stayed home to take care of the children.
When Mother Teresa was about eight years old, her father died unexpectedly. The Bojaxhiu family was devastated. After a period of intense grief, Dranafile, suddenly a single mother of three children, sold textiles and hand-made embroidery to bring in some income.
At the age of eighteen, moved by a desire to become a missionary, Gonxha left her home in September 1928 to join the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, known as the Sisters of Loreto, in Ireland. There she received the name Sister Mary Teresa after St. Thérèse of Lisieux. In December, she departed for India, arriving in Calcutta on 6 January 1929. After making her First Profession of Vows in May 1931, Sister Teresa was assigned to the Loreto Entally community in Calcutta and taught at St. Mary’s School for girls. On 24 May 1937, Sister Teresa made her Final Profession of Vows, becoming, as she said, the “spouse of Jesus” for “all eternity.” From that time on she was called Mother Teresa. She continued teaching at St. Mary’s and in 1944 became the school’s principal. A person of profound prayer and deep love for her religious sisters and her students, Mother Teresa’s twenty years in Loreto were filled with profound happiness. Noted for her charity, unselfishness and courage, her capacity for hard work and a natural talent for organization, she lived out her consecration to Jesus, in the midst of her companions, with fidelity and joy.
The Call
Both before Nikola's death and especially after it, the Bojaxhiu family held tightly to their religious beliefs. The family prayed daily and went on pilgrimages annually.
When Mother Teresa was 12 years old, she began to feel called to serve God as a nun. Deciding to become a nun was a very difficult decision. Becoming a nun not only meant giving up the chance to marry and have children, it also meant giving up all her worldly possessions and her family, perhaps forever.
For five years, Mother Teresa thought hard about whether or not to become a nun. During this time, she sang in the church choir, helped her mother organize church events, and went on walks with her mother to hand out food and supplies to the poor.
When Mother Teresa was 17, she made the difficult decision to become a nun. Having read many articles about the work Catholic missionaries were doing in India, Mother Teresa was determined to go there. Thus, Mother Teresa applied to the Loreto order of nuns, based in Ireland but with missions in India.
In September 1928, 18-year-old Mother Teresa said goodbye to her family to travel to Ireland and then on to India. She never saw her mother or sister again.
The Missionaries of Charity
Mother Teresa quickly translated this somewhat vague calling into concrete actions to help the city's poor. She began an open-air school and established a home for the dying destitute in a dilapidated building she convinced the city government to donate to her cause. In October 1950, she won canonical recognition for a new congregation, the Missionaries of Charity, which she founded with only 12 members—most of them former teachers or pupils from St. Mary's School.As the ranks of her congregation swelled and donations poured in from around India and across the globe, the scope of Mother Teresa's charitable activities expanded exponentially. Over the course of the 1950s and 1960s, she established a leper colony, an orphanage, a nursing home, a family clinic and a string of mobile health clinics.
International Charity and Recognition
In February 1965, Pope Paul VI bestowed the Decree of Praise upon the Missionaries of Charity, which prompted Mother Teresa to begin expanding internationally. By the time of her death in 1997, the Missionaries of Charity numbered over 4,000—in addition to thousands more lay volunteers—with 610 foundations in 123 countries on all seven continents. In 1971, Mother Teresa traveled to New York City where she opened a soup kitchen as well as a home to care for those infected with HIV/AIDS.The next year she went to Beirut, Lebanon, where she crossed frequently between Christian East Beirut and Muslim West Beirut to aid children of both faiths. Mother Teresa has received various honors for her tireless and effective charity. She was awarded "Jewel of India," the highest honor bestowed on Indian civilians, as well as the now-defunct Soviet Union's Gold Medal of the Soviet Peace Committee. Then, in 1979, Mother Teresa won her highest honor when she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of her work "in bringing help to suffering humanity."
It took more than two years to become a Loreto nun. After spending six weeks in Ireland learning the history of the Loreto order and to study English, Mother Teresa then traveled to India, where she arrived on January 6, 1929. After two years as a novice, Mother Teresa took her first vows as a Loreto nun on May 24, 1931.
As a new Loreto nun, Mother Teresa (known then only as Sister Teresa, a name she chose after St. Teresa of Lisieux) settled in to the Loreto Entally convent in Kolkata (previously called Calcutta) and began teaching history and geography at the convent schools.
Usually, Loreto nuns were not allowed to leave the convent; however, in 1935, 25-year-old Mother Teresa was given a special exemption to teach at a school outside of the convent, St. Teresa's. After two years at St. Teresa's, Mother Teresa took her final vows on May 24, 1937 and officially became "Mother Teresa."
Almost immediately after taking her final vows, Mother Teresa became the principal of St. Mary's, one of the convent schools and was once again restricted to live within the convent's walls.
On 10 September 1946 during the train ride from Calcutta to Darjeeling for her annual retreat, Mother Teresa received her “inspiration,” her “call within a call.” On that day, in a way she would never explain, Jesus’ thirst for love and for souls took hold of her heart and the desire to satiate His thirst became the driving force of her life. Over the course of the next weeks and months, by means of interior locutions and visions, Jesus revealed to her the desire of His heart for “victims of love” who would “radiate His love on souls.” “Come be My light,” He begged her. “I cannot go alone.” He revealed His pain at the neglect of the poor, His sorrow at their ignorance of Him and His longing for their love. He asked Mother Teresa to establish a religious community, Missionaries of Charity, dedicated to the service of the poorest of the poor. Nearly two years of testing and discernment passed before Mother Teresa received permission to begin. On August 17, 1948, she dressed for the first time in a white, blue-bordered sari and passed through the gates of her beloved Loreto convent to enter the world of the poor.
The Streets of Calcutta
During the next two years, Teresa pursued every avenue
to follow what she "never doubted" was the direction God
was pointing her. She was "to give up even Loreto where
I was very happy and to go out in the streets. I heard
the call to give up all and follow Christ into the slums
to serve him among the poorest of the poor."
Technicalities and practicalities abounded. She had to
be released formally, not from her perpetual vows, but
from living within the convents of the Sisters of Loreto.
She had to confront the Church's resistance to forming
new religious communities, and receive permission from
the Archbishop of Calcutta to serve the poor openly on
the streets. She had to figure out how to live and work
on the streets, without the safety and comfort of the
convent. As for clothing, Teresa decided she would set
aside the habit she had worn during her years as a Loreto
sister and wear the ordinary dress of an Indian woman:
a plain white sari and sandals.
Teresa first went to Patna for a few months to prepare
for her future work by taking a nursing course. In 1948
she received permission from Pius XII to leave her community
and live as an independent nun. So back to Calcutta she
went and found a small hovel to rent to begin her new
undertaking.
Wisely, she thought to start by teaching the children
of the slums, an endeavor she knew well. Though she had
no proper equipment, she made use of what was available—writing
in the dirt. She strove to make the children of the poor
literate, to teach them basic hygiene. As they grew to
know her, she gradually began visiting the poor and ill
in their families and others all crowded together in the
surrounding squalid shacks, inquiring about their needs.
Teresa found a never-ending stream of human needs in
the poor she met, and frequently was exhausted. Despite
the weariness of her days she never omitted her prayer,
finding it the source of support, strength and blessing
for all her ministry.
After a short course with the Medical Mission Sisters in Patna, Mother Teresa
returned to Calcutta and found temporary lodging with the Little Sisters of the
Poor. On 21 December she went for the first time to the slums. She visited
families, washed the sores of some children, cared for an old man lying sick on
the road and nursed a woman dying of hunger and TB. She started each day in
communion with Jesus in the Eucharist and then went out, rosary in her hand, to
find and serve Him in “the unwanted, the unloved, the uncared for.”
After some months, she was joined, one by one, by her former students.
On 7 October 1950 the new congregation of the
Missionaries of Charity was
officially established in the Archdiocese of Calcutta. By the early
1960s, Mother Teresa began to send her Sisters to other parts of
India. The Decree of Praise granted to the Congregation by Pope Paul VI
in
February 1965 encouraged her to open a house in Venezuela. It was soon
followed
by foundations in Rome and Tanzania and, eventually, on every continent.
Starting in 1980 and continuing through the 1990s, Mother Teresa opened
houses
in almost all of the communist countries, including the former Soviet
Union,
Albania and Cuba.
In order to respond better to both the physical and spiritual needs of the
poor,
Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity Brothers in 1963, in
1976 the contemplative branch of the Sisters, in 1979 the Contemplative
Brothers, and in 1984 the Missionaries of Charity Fathers. Yet her
inspiration was not limited to those with religious vocations. She formed the Co-Workers
of Mother Teresa and the Sick and Suffering Co-Workers, people of many
faiths and nationalities with whom she shared her spirit of prayer, simplicity,
sacrifice and her apostolate of humble works of love. This spirit later inspired
the Lay Missionaries of Charity. In answer to the requests of many
priests, in 1981 Mother Teresa also began the Corpus Christi Movement for
Priests as a “little way of holiness” for those who desire to
share in her charism and spirit.
During the years of rapid growth the world began to turn its eyes towards Mother
Teresa and the work she had started. Numerous awards, beginning with the Indian
Padmashri Award in 1962 and notably the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979, honoured her
work, while an increasingly interested media began to follow her activities. She
received both prizes and attention “for the glory of God and in the name of
the poor.”
The whole of Mother Teresa’s life and labour bore witness to the joy of
loving,
the greatness and dignity of every human person, the value of little things done
faithfully and with love, and the surpassing worth of friendship with God. But
there was another heroic side of this great woman that was revealed only after
her death. Hidden from all eyes, hidden even from those closest to her, was her
interior life marked by an experience of a deep, painful and abiding feeling of
being separated from God, even rejected by Him, along with an ever-increasing
longing for His love. She called her inner experience, “the darkness.” The
“painful night” of her soul, which began around the time she started her
work for the poor and continued to the end of her life, led Mother Teresa to an
ever more profound union with God. Through the darkness she mystically
participated in the thirst of Jesus, in His painful and burning longing for
love, and she shared in the interior desolation of the poor.
During the last years of her life, despite increasingly severe health
problems,
Mother Teresa continued to govern her Society and respond to the needs of the
poor and the Church. By 1997, Mother Teresa’s Sisters numbered nearly 4,000
members and were established in 610 foundations in 123 countries of the world.
In March 1997 she blessed her newly-elected successor as Superior General of the
Missionaries of Charity and then made one more trip abroad. After meeting Pope
John Paul II for the last time, she returned to Calcutta and spent her final
weeks receiving visitors and instructing her Sisters. On 5 September Mother
Teresa’s earthly life came to an end. She was given the honour of a state
funeral by the Government of India and her body was buried in the Mother House
of the Missionaries of Charity. Her tomb quickly became a place of pilgrimage
and prayer for people of all faiths, rich and poor alike. Mother Teresa left a testament of unshakable
faith, invincible hope and
extraordinary charity. Her response to Jesus’ plea, “Come be My light,”
made her a Missionary of Charity, a “mother to the poor,” a symbol of
compassion to the world, and a living witness to the thirsting love of God.
Less than two
years after her death, in view of Mother Teresa’s widespread reputation of
holiness and the favours being reported, Pope John Paul II permitted the opening
of her Cause of Canonization. On 20 December 2002 he approved the decrees of her
heroic virtues and miracles.
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